Port 3306 is the default port for the MySQL Protocol, which is used by the mysql client, MySQL Connectors, and utilities such as mysqldump and mysqlpump. Port 33060 is the default port for the MySQL Database Extended Interface (the MySQL X Protocol).

出处：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-port-reference/en/mysql-ports-reference-tables.html#mysql-client-server-ports

从上面的英文可以看出，3306是默认的tcp端口，提供给mysql客户端连接到mysql server。而33060端口是扩展的tcp端口，提供给 mysqlx的一些扩展功能 访问。